cognitive consistency theory of attitude

on cognitive consistency, focusing on (1) the identification of inconsistency, (2) the elicitation of negative affect in response. Dissonance is aroused in an individual when a person possesses two cognitive elements (information) about himself or his environment and where one is the opposite of the other. If these are inconsistent, they will produce a "tension state" in the individual, and motivate the individual to reduce this tension. One possible reason for the popularity of the attitude concept The functional approach / Daniel Katz -- Psychoanalytic theory and cognitive dissonance / Irving Sarnoff -- Role theory and consistency theory / Vernon L. Allen -- Cognitive consistency and the psychology of judgment / Harry S. Upshaw -- Activation theory / Helen Peak -- Behavior theory / Barry E. Collins -- Dissonance reduction in the . BIT has roots in three major mid-20th-century theories of cognitive- affective consistency: congruity theory (Osgood & Tannenbaum, 1955), cog-nitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957), and balance theory (Heider, 1958). (2002), balanced identity theory rests on three assumptions. Because dissonance is an unpleasant state (Festinger, 1957),

A whole universe of consumer behaviors -consistency of purchases, recommendations to others, top rankings, beliefs, evaluations, and intentions are related to attitudes. intervention strategy based on the theory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957, 1964). Consistency theory can be used to enhance the effectiveness of a persuasive message. It is a fundamental topic in psychology research, with a long history that has recently returned to prominence. affect control theory, justice theory, expectation states theory, identity theory, etc.). We studied three forms of dyadic communication involving theory of mind (ToM) in 82 children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 61 children with orthopedic injury (OI): Cognitive (concerned with false belief), Affective (concerned with expressing socially deceptive facial expressions), and Conative (concerned with influencing another's thoughts or feelings). There are two situations in which dissonance commonly occurs: After a decision.

12. XIV. A cognitive consistency theory of person perception and attitude change in which the elements, often depicted as vertices of a triangle, are a person (p), another person (o), and an attitude object (x), the relations between the three elements, represented by the sides of the triangle, being either positive or negative according to p's attitudes and beliefs. Highlight any potential inconsistencies in receivers' attitudes and beliefs. Robert Cialdini and his research team have conducted extensive research into what Cialdini refers to as the ' Consistency Principle of Persuasion'. Cognitive dissonance theory postulates that an underlying psychological tension is created when an individual's behavior is inconsistent with his or her thoughts and beliefs. Consistency theories posit a strong _____ basis toward consistency, while cognitive approaches are based on _____ understandings. The Principle of attitude consistency (that for any given attitude object, the ABCs of affect, behaviour, and cognition are normally in line with each other) thus predicts that our attitudes (for instance, as measured via a self-report measure) are likely to guide behaviour. When one acts in a way that is inconsistent with one's beliefs. The concepts of balance, congrUity, and dissonallce were Cognitive consistency and the formation of interpersonal attitudes: . XIII. The theory of cognitive dissonance is nothing foreign to the public relations world. Connected to the phenomenon known as buyer's remorse, cognitive dissonance theory a theory of attitude formation and behavior describing a motivational state that exists when a person's cognitive elements (attitudes, perceived behaviors, etc.) At the heart of cognitive consistency theories is the assumption that people are motivated to seek coherent attitudes, thoughts, beliefs, values, behaviors, and feelings. according to rosenberg (1960,1968), people whose attitudes are characterized by high affective-cognitive consistency (i.e., similar scores on affective and cognitive in- dices of attitude) are likely to have "well- articulated," "well-thought-out" attitudes reflecting a stable underlying disposition, whereas people whose attitudes are low in such … Stimulated primarily by the cognitive consistency theories, thousands of pages have been written recent-ly on attitude formation and change. Specifically, theories tried to explain people's attempt to reconcile perceived differences between two or more held attitudes.

It is the notion that phenomena are ordered (or consistent) that allows predictability. The discomfort of cognitive dissonance occurs when things fall out of alignment . Cognitive Consistency and Mass Communication T he general notion of consistency underlies all of science. theories, social-judgement theory, consistency theory, self-perception theory and functional theory. When people find themselves acting in a fashion that is inconsistent with their attitudes—when they experience cognitive dissonance —they experience tension and attempt to reduce this tension and return to a state of cognitive consistency. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Definition. An attitude is a learned predisposition to behave in a consistently . If an individual performs an activity that is antithetical to his beliefs, the individual may unconsciously change his beliefs to alleviate the discomfort of having inconsistent attitudes and actions.1

Theories of attitude change Cognitive Dissonance Theory . The theory suggests that the affective . In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. This means that people seek to reconcile divergent attitudes and align their attitudes and behaviour so that they appear rational and consistent. Introduction. An important factor here is the principle of cognitive consistency, the focus of Festinger's (1957) theory of . Whereas balance theory deals with the relationships among three cognitions, dissonance theory deals with consistency between two or more elements (behaviors and attitudes). Heider's (1958) theory of cognitive balance. The theories of cognitive consistency affirm that people seek coherence in their life and that on the basis of achieving it is that they vary their attitudes and thoughts to feel a uniqueness in their internal being because the presence of two states of consciousness (incoherence) makes them uncomfortable. popular theory today for investigating the attitude arena.

Keywords: cognitive dissonance, beliefs, behaviors, change.

Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and behavior in harmony and avoid disharmony (or dissonance). A number of factors determine the strength of the dissonance and hence how much effort is required to change attitudes. B. Cognitive consistency theories (balance, dissonance) allow to view attitude acquisition as an elaborative exercise of building connections (balanced or consonant) between more and more elements (eg beliefs). cognitive consistency can be defined as the concept that individuals have a preference for their thoughts, beliefs, knowledges, opinions, attitudes, and intents to be congruent, which is to say that they don't contradict each other. For instance, positive mind-sets are believed to be connected with approach behaviors while negative attitudes linked with withdrawal behaviors. Balance Theory: L. Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1957). The theory of cognitive dissonance is elegantly simple: it states that inconsistency between two cognitions creates an aversive state akin to hunger or thirst that gives rise to a motivation to reduce the inconsistency.

However, increasing evidence has accrued that suggests that this principle may be incorrect . The consistency theory was first applied to work behaviour by Abraham K. Korman in the 1970s. Attitude conviction involves which of the following elements? B. According to this theory, attitude change is caused by conflict among beliefs. What is Attitude and Behavior Consistency in Psychology. Cognitive Consistency Theories 13 Balanced states 14 Principle of congruity 15 Cognitive dissonance 16 Criticisms of Cognitive Dissonance 21 Attitudes as Arguments 23 Latitudes of attitudes 25 Summary of Theoretical Position 27 CHAPTER 3. Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger) According to cognitive dissonance theory, there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions (i.e., beliefs, opinions).

If these are inconsistent, they will produce a "tension state" in the individual, and motivate the individual to reduce this tension.

Dissonant cognitions create an unpleasant psychological state that we are motivated to reduce or eliminate. Cognitive development - Others think of attitude formation in terms of cognitive development. Persuasive communications (see 4.4) attempt to change Supporting this idea, meta-analyses have found that there is a . As described by Greenwald et al. 3. People try maintain consistency between attitudes and behavior. Further, these facets should be congruent with how individuals see themselves and their subsequent behaviors. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors (dissonance), something must change to eliminate the dissonance. 28. The concepts of balance, congrUity, and dissonallce were Predictability, in turn, allows the scientist to formulate and test hypotheses, make generaliza-tions from them, build theory, and predict future outcomes. SpeciWcally, Heider argued that people tend to achieve patterns of . In general, these cognitive consistency theories hypothesize that if an inconsistency develops between cognitive elements, people are motivated to restore harmony between those elements. Osgood's Congruity Theory Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Researchers tend to assess attitudes by asking questions or making inferences from behavior.

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